Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced by transesterification of fats or oils (triglycerides) with methanol. Palm oil methyl esters (PME) are similar to FAME.
This reaction can be catalyzed acidic or alkaline, depending on the feedstock properties. The trivalent alcohol glycerine is exchanged for methanol. Glycerine and FAME are formed as reaction products, whereby, when using natural fats, a mixture of different fatty acid methyl esters with an even number of carbon atoms is obtained, since natural triglycerides generally contain several different fatty acid residues.
More generally expressed, Biodiesel production is the process of producing the biofuel, biodiesel, through the chemical reactions of transesterification and esterification. This involves vegetable (or animal fats) and oils being reacted with short-chain alcohols (typically methanol or ethanol). The alcohols used should be of low molecular weight. Ethanol is frequently used because of its low cost, however, greater conversions into biodiesel can be reached using methanol.
Although the transesterification reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, the base-catalyzed reaction is more common. This path has lower reaction times and catalyst cost than those using acid catalysis. However, alkaline catalysis has the disadvantage of high sensitivity to both water and free fatty acids present in the oils.
Product Highlights
The OPTWAVE 7500 continuous, non-contact level measurement is often used in smaller, narrow tanks with obstructions inside. The lens-shaped antenna, made of PEEK, is particularly insensitive to deposits and condensates. The narrow beam angle is a key feature for this duty, and process connections start from ¾” thread. Typical operational parameters are 0…100 m or 0…328 ft; -50…+150 °C or -58…302°F; -1…40 barg or -14.5…580 psig
The OPTISONIC 3400 bi-directional ultrasonic meter for inline flow measurement has no protruding parts and can cope with conductive as well as non-conductive materials (such as methanol and oils) in a wide range of viscosity, from low to highly viscous liquids (up to 1000 cSt). For standard applications as well as applications with extended process temperatures. DN25…3000; PN10…100; -200…+250 °C