{"id":2804,"date":"2020-07-30T11:30:19","date_gmt":"2020-07-30T09:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/?page_id=2804"},"modified":"2021-03-03T16:06:53","modified_gmt":"2021-03-03T15:06:53","slug":"fatty-acid-methyl-ester","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/fatty-acid-methyl-ester\/","title":{"rendered":"Fatty acid methyl ester"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kd8hptg8-a8b7bc1e211bd5c514eed1bc2968f3bd\">\n.avia-section.av-kd8hptg8-a8b7bc1e211bd5c514eed1bc2968f3bd{\nbackground-color:#eff0f4;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-kd8hptg8-a8b7bc1e211bd5c514eed1bc2968f3bd main_color avia-section-small avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_iconlist  avia-builder-el-first  trenner highlights avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2804'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k8k3uw02-97b4c508ec40643e4ec77e7ded5e8450 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>Fatty acid methyl ester<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-2804'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='avia-icon-list-container av-kgahwlcm-f09be1bcc6c22b5539b95fdbb4bd7862  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><ul class='avia-icon-list avia_animate_when_almost_visible avia-icon-list-left av-iconlist-big av-kgahwlcm-f09be1bcc6c22b5539b95fdbb4bd7862 avia-iconlist-animate'>\n<li><div class='iconlist_icon av-26yzuc-e90cbe3405c1b3271bbab02af3bf4f30 avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='iconlist-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue812' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/div><article class=\"article-icon-entry \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconlist_content_wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><\/header><div class='iconlist_content '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"color: #505050;\">Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are produced by transesterification of fats or oils (triglycerides) with methanol. Palm oil methyl esters (PME) are similar to FAME.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #505050;\"> This reaction can be catalyzed acidic or alkaline, depending on the feedstock properties. The trivalent alcohol glycerine is exchanged for methanol. Glycerine and FAME are formed as reaction products, whereby, when using natural fats, a mixture of different fatty acid methyl esters with an even number of carbon atoms is obtained, since natural triglycerides generally contain several different fatty acid residues.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #505050;\"> More generally expressed, Biodiesel production is the process of producing the biofuel, biodiesel, through the chemical reactions of transesterification and esterification. This involves vegetable (or animal fats) and oils being reacted with short-chain alcohols (typically methanol or ethanol). The alcohols used should be of low molecular weight. Ethanol is frequently used because of its low cost, however, greater conversions into biodiesel can be reached using methanol.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #505050;\"> Although the transesterification reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, the base-catalyzed reaction is more common. This path has lower reaction times and catalyst cost than those using acid catalysis. However, alkaline catalysis has the disadvantage of high sensitivity to both water and free fatty acids present in the oils.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><div class=\"iconlist-timeline\"><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class='iconlist_icon av-4g2g5g-35c7a96eb4045b43960d104d01deb92c avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='iconlist-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue812' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/div><article class=\"article-icon-entry \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconlist_content_wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><\/header><div class='iconlist_content '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"color: #505050;\">In order to shift the equilibrium of the transesterification reaction to the side of the products, i.e. to the side of the fatty acid methyl esters, glycerine can be removed or alcohol (methanol) can be added in excess.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><div class=\"iconlist-timeline\"><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class='iconlist_icon av-2td3wk-0c0dce3c134f97816dea20a2280b87ee avia-font-entypo-fontello'><span class='iconlist-char' aria-hidden='true' data-av_icon='\ue812' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'><\/span><\/div><article class=\"article-icon-entry \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconlist_content_wrap\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\"><\/header><div class='iconlist_content '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span style=\"color: #505050;\">Another variant in the food industry, is specific enzymatic transesterification using special 1,3-lipases. This specificity is not possible chemically and so this enzymatic route can be used for the production of cocoa butter substitute, margarine, butter and baking fats.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><div class=\"iconlist-timeline\"><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k8k0dbg7-a9f78331af43228c6d9fb065149dd821\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-k8k0dbg7-a9f78331af43228c6d9fb065149dd821{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-k8k0dbg7-a9f78331af43228c6d9fb065149dd821 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_iconlist  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k7fymbyy-ca2b012f0220c20cb07c8fa98fbeb368\">\n.avia-image-container.av-k7fymbyy-ca2b012f0220c20cb07c8fa98fbeb368 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itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/krohne.com\/en\/products\/level-measurement\/level-transmitters\/radar-fmcw-level-transmitters\/optiwave-7500\/\" class='avia_image' target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='OPTWAVE 7500'><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-2868 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2868 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optiwave-7500.png\" alt='' title='OPTWAVE 7500'  height=\"960\" width=\"960\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optiwave-7500.png 960w, https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optiwave-7500-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optiwave-7500-80x80.png 80w, 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class='flex_column av-5bqa3o-81f7f7d7f070c3e89ebaf9d5812e2197 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kgai1rhi-83b98d4393aefbd0ac6be558433aefbe '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The OPTWAVE 7500 continuous, non-contact level measurement is often used in smaller, narrow tanks with obstructions inside. The lens-shaped antenna, made of PEEK, is particularly insensitive to deposits and condensates. The narrow beam angle is a key feature for this duty, and process connections start from \u00be\u201d thread. Typical operational parameters are 0&#8230;100 m or 0\u2026328 ft; -50\u2026+150 \u00b0C or -58\u2026302\u00b0F; -1\u202640 barg or -14.5\u2026580 psig<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-43q4s4-3e3559fda247c1e50ea23eff617a20a8\">\n.flex_column.av-43q4s4-3e3559fda247c1e50ea23eff617a20a8{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-43q4s4-3e3559fda247c1e50ea23eff617a20a8 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_two_third  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kgai17m6-75d66280b8927757486e463fadd34c12\">\n.avia-image-container.av-kgai17m6-75d66280b8927757486e463fadd34c12 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-kgai17m6-75d66280b8927757486e463fadd34c12 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-kgai17m6-75d66280b8927757486e463fadd34c12 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-13  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/krohne.com\/en\/products\/flow-measurement\/flowmeters\/ultrasonic-flowmeters\/optisonic-3400\/\" class='avia_image' target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='OPTISONIC 3400'><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-2870 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-2870 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optisonic-3400.png\" alt='' title='OPTISONIC 3400'  height=\"790\" width=\"790\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optisonic-3400.png 790w, https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optisonic-3400-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optisonic-3400-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optisonic-3400-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optisonic-3400-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optisonic-3400-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optisonic-3400-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optisonic-3400-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/33\/2020\/10\/optisonic-3400-450x450.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2alb78-d9c08655195ddd6ae1cd65009a7a5cb9\">\n.flex_column.av-2alb78-d9c08655195ddd6ae1cd65009a7a5cb9{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2alb78-d9c08655195ddd6ae1cd65009a7a5cb9 av_two_third  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kgai1rhi-83b98d4393aefbd0ac6be558433aefbe '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>The OPTISONIC 3400 bi-directional ultrasonic meter for inline flow measurement has no protruding parts and can cope with conductive as well as non-conductive materials (such as methanol and oils) in a wide range of viscosity, from low to highly viscous liquids (up to 1000 cSt). For standard applications as well as applications with extended process temperatures. DN25\u20263000; PN10\u2026100; -200&#8230;+250 \u00b0C<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2804","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2804"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2804\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3108,"href":"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2804\/revisions\/3108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cmp.krohne.com\/palm-oil\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}